Diagnosis

The World Health Organization definition of diabetes is for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms (excessive of urine secretion, excessive of thirst sensation, excessive of appetite), otherwise raised values on two occasions, of either^[11]:

• fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)

or

• With a Glucose tolerance test, two hours after the oral dose a plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl)

Screening test is suggested on people who have one of Diabetes Mellitus risks:

• Age > 45 years old
• Body mass index > 23 kg/m3
• Hypertension
• Diabetes Mellitus in family's history
• HDL cholesterol <> 250 mg/dl
  
• abortus history, ever gave birth newborn baby > 4000 g or handicap baby

For high risk group which screening test is negative, another screening test can be performed every year and for people above 45 years old without diabetes risk, the screening test can be performed every three years. The screening test is also useful to diagnose diabetes on people with impairment tolerance of blood glucose and impairment tolerance of fasting blood glucose.

Clinical diagnose of DM generally thought when there are characteristics symptoms of DM:

• Excessive of urine secretion
  
• Excessive of thirst sensation
  
• Excessive of appetite
• Unexplainable loss of body weight

Other symptoms include:

• Weakness
• Itching
• Blurry vision
• Pruritus Vulvae (Female)
• Erectile dysfunction (Male)

Characteristic symptoms of DM with plasma glucose > 200 mg/dl or fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dl are enough to diagnose Diabetes Mellitus.
For group, without characteristic symptoms of DM but plasma glucose is abnormal on once examination, is not enough to diagnose Diabetes Mellitus.